Descriptive Summary |
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| Creator: | Rutgers Medical College (New York, N.Y.) |
| Title: | Inventory to the Records of the Rutgers Medical College (New York, N.Y.) |
| Dates: | 1792-1973 |
| Quantity: | .8 cubic ft. (2 manuscript boxes) |
| Abstract: | The records of the Rutgers Medical College document the efforts of two prominent New York City physicians in their attempts to secure an academic sponsorship of medical education during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. On three different occasions Queen's College and Rutgers College were solicited to grant degrees to students studying medicine at institutions geographically located in New York City. Concerns of competition with existing medical schools, ability to license physicians to practice medicine in one jurisdiction while receiving credentials from another, and the role of medical education in these early years are addressed in this collection. |
| Collection No.: | RG 29/A1 |
| Language | English. |
| Repository: | Rutgers University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives |
The history of Queen's and Rutgers College's involvement in medical education in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries centers on Nicholas Romayne, and David Hosack, two prominent New York City physicians who sought at various times an academic sponsorship for their medical schools. Their flamboyant personalities and notoriety attracted students and money away from competing schools and drew animosity to them like a magnet. The story of the intrigues and political in-fighting of New York City's physicians, their medical societies and institutions during this time period is a complex one. (1) Queen's/Rutgers College was the beneficiary of its geographic proximity to New York City, but in each case, sponsorship by the New Brunswick school created controversy in the medical profession in New York and resulted in political maneuvering involving county and state medical societies, the College of Physicians and Surgeons, and the Regents of the State University of New York, the New York State Legislature, and ultimately, the New York State Supreme Court.
In 1767, King's College established a medical faculty but the school had not prospered. In the post-Revolutionary years the school reorganized into Columbia College and reconstituted its medical faculty in 1785. Nicholas Romayne, a physician educated in Edinburgh, London, Paris, and Leyden, and who had gained some prominence in New York City, assumed the post of Professor of the Practice of Physic, and two years later became a Columbia trustee. Though no longer allowed to serve on the faculty, Romayne continued to lecture and in 1791 petitioned the Regents of the State University of New York to charter his own medical school, the first of several attempts which resulted in controversy. The potential establishment of a competing institution spurred the Columbia trustees into action and they succeeded in persuading the Regents to reject Romayne's request. Determined to align with a collegiate institution, Romayne turned to the trustees of Queen's College in New Brunswick, New Jersey, to establish a medical faculty. Though the trustees never appointed a faculty, they did agree to confer M.D. degrees in 1792 on Nicholas Romayne himself, and on others who Romayne had recommended. In 1793 six more degrees were conferred, the last to be presented in the eighteenth century. Romayne departed to Europe, came back home only to be imprisoned in the Blount Affair, and sailed off to Europe again.(2)
Upon returning to the United States, Romayne's reputation had heightened and he pressed again for a charter to his medical school. With the support of the county and state medical societies, as well as certain faculty members at Columbia, he succeeded in chartering the College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1807. Romayne was elected its first president, and he personally financed the college's operations. However, by 1811 the Regents had received complaints about the governance of the college, and voted to deprive the faculty of full participation in the awarding of degrees and rejected a request from the faculty to raise student fees. Outraged by this action, Romayne announced the establishment of the Medical Institution of the State of New York With over one hundred and twenty students and physicians in attendance during the opening lecture on November 28, 1811, and with great promise for its future, Romayne again approached Queen's College for sponsorship of his medical school. On January 21, 1812 the trustees approved a union and established a "Medical Faculty of Queen's College" by appointing Romayne's faculty to the college faculty. The trustees eschewed any financial responsibility for the Medical Institution and left all matters in the hands of the medical faculty. In return, Queen's College only received such diploma fees as Romayne determined appropriate from each student.
Queen's College awarded medical degrees from 1812 through 1816 to students recommended by the faculty of the Medical Institution. This five-year period of cooperation suddenly came to a halt when in 1815 and again in 1816 Romayne petitioned the New York State Legislature to incorporate the trustees of the Medical Institution. Such a move was met with severe opposition from the College of Physicians and Surgeons. The opposition was led by David Hosack, a former colleague of Romayne's in the college and now his most formidable adversary. Hosack had been instrumental in Romayne's withdrawal from the College of Physicians and Surgeons and now personally attacked the Medical Institution with memorials and petitions to the legislature. He succeeded in defeating the charter, which essentially ended the Medical Institution of the State of New York. The defeat was also attributed to the fact that the Queen's trustees had decided to close the college in 1816 because of financial difficulties and thus severed its ties to the Medical Faculty. The final blow came with the death of Nicholas Romayne in July 1817.
While the Medical Institution was struggling to survive and receive official recognition from the State of New York, the College of Physicians and Surgeons flourished under the leadership of Samuel Bard and David Hosack, perhaps one of the most eminent physicians of his time in New York. (3) The merger of the Columbia Medical Faculty with that of the college solidified its standing as the sole medical educational institution in Manhattan, outside of private instruction by individual physicians. But in 1819, the college became the target of a Regents investigation into charges of mismanagement and charging excessive fees to its students. Over the next several years the college became embroiled in battles between the faculty, trustees, and the Regents. Memorials, petitions, and investigative reports to the Legislature followed over issues of educational standards, fees, professorships, and governance of the college, ultimately leading to the resignation of Hosack, John W. Francis, William Macneven, Samuel L. Mitchill, and Valentine Mott.
Determined to continue to teach, these former professors of the College of Physicians and Surgeons sought an alliance with an academic institution to sponsor medical instruction. Rebuffed by Columbia, and refused by Union College in Schenectady, Hosack turned to the trustees of Rutgers College. In a memorial dated September 12, 1826, the faculty requested a "connection" by which the petitioners would become the "Medical Faculty of Rutgers College," the same arrangement acquired by Nicholas Romayne and Queen's in 1812. Hosack personally traveled to New Brunswick on October 16, 1826 to argue his case and brought with him General Stephen Van Rensselaer, the leader of the Dutch aristocracy and a member of the Regents. The trustees voted to establish the medical faculty on the same day.
Instruction began with an inaugural discourse delivered by Dr. Hosack on November 6, 1826. The faculty was composed of Hosack as Professor of the Institutes and Practice of Medicine and Clinical Medicine; William J. Macneven, Professor of Therapeutics and Materia Medica; Valentine Mott, Professor of Surgery; John W. Francis, Professor of Obstetrics and Forensic Medicine; John D. Goodman, Professor of Anatomy and Physiology; and John Griscom, Professor of Chemistry. A student body of 152 attended lectures in a building on Duane Street in New York City, while the College of Physicians and Surgeons could only attract ninety students. The following April the faculty certified twenty-seven candidates for the M.D. degree and four nominations for honorary medical degrees. In July they recommended four additional candidates for honorary degrees, and the diplomas were issued during commencement exercises in New Brunswick.
As quickly as the college came into existence, opposition to Hosack and his school surfaced. On the very evening of his inaugural address, Hosack came under attack by the County Medical Society of New York for "unjustifiable interference in the medical concerns of the state" and disregard for the provisions of the laws of the state regarding medical education. Criticism continued and the Rutgers Medical Faculty countered with attacks against the College of Physicians and Surgeons and its supporters for perpetuating monopoly in medical education. Two years of acrimonious debate culminated with Hosack's opponents successfully steering a bill through the New York State legislature which negated any medical degrees (as licenses to practice medicine in New York State) granted outside of New York.
Casting about for another academic sponsor which would met the new requirements, Hosack succeeded in gaining the sponsorship of Geneva College, in Geneva, New York. While no longer associated with Rutgers College, the name remained and this new school was known as the Rutgers Medical Faculty of Geneva College. This affiliation lasted from 1827 to 1830. In 1830, Hosack's adversaries again won the day when the New York State Supreme Court, in "The People v. The Trustees of Geneva College," found that the college did not have the power to operate or to appoint a faculty at any place but Geneva. He attempted to have his school chartered by New York State as Manhattan College, but that also failed.
Rutgers College, undeterred by the lack of an officially appointed medical faculty, continued to periodically grant honorary M.D. degrees until 1835, when common sense seemed to strike and the trustees decoined a request to grant any additional such degrees.
(1) See David Cowen, Medical Education: The Queen's -Rutgers Experience, 1792-1830 (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers, the State University, 1966) for a detailed account of the history of medical education in New York and the role of Queen's and Rutgers College. Cowen's work, published during the bicentennial celebration of Rutgers University and the commencement of instruction in the Rutgers Medical School, is based upon close examination of the documents contained within these records, and serves as the primary source for this historical sketch.
(2) For biographical information on Romayne see Fred B. Rogers, "Nicholas Romayne, 1756-1817: Stormy Petrel of American Medical Education," Journal of Medical Education Vol 35, No. 3 (March 1960), 258-263; Herman G. Weiskotten, "Nicholas Romayne: Pioneer in Medical Education in the United States," New York State Journal of Medicine Vol. 66, No. 16 (August 15, 1966), 2158-2177; and Byron Stookey, "Nicholas Romayne: First President of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City," Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine Vol 43, No. 7 (July 1967), 576-597, all located in Box 2 Folder 18.
(3) For biographical information on Hosack, see Edward E. Harnagel, "Doctors Afield: David Hosack and the Duel," New England Journal of Medicine Vol 261 (September 3, 1959), 504-505; Christine Chapman Robbins, "David Hosack's Herbarium and Its Linnaean Specimens," Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society Vol. 104, No. 3 (June 1960), 293-313, both in Box 2 Folder 18; Cowen, Medical Education: The Queen's -Rutgers Experience, 1792-1830, 3, and David D. Demarest, Rutgers (Queen's) College and Medical Degrees. New Brunswick, N.J. Historical Club Publications 2, 1894.
The records of the Rutgers Medical College consist of manuscript letters and documents; printed and manuscript drafts of memorials, petitions, resolutions, and legislative bills; printed circulars, catalogues, and newspaper clippings; published dissertations, lectures, addresses, and eulogies; photographic prints and negatives; broadsides, and other printed ephemeral; and research material in the form of photostatic copies of letters, minutes, and reprints of journal articles complied by Professor David Cowen for his book, Medical Education: The Queen's -Rutgers Experience, 1792-1830 (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers, the State University, 1966).
The early association of Queen's College and Dr. Nicholas Romayne is documented by photocopies of memorials, minutes and letters from the Queen's College Board of Trustees. The original records are located in the Minutes and Enclosures of the Queen's College, Rutgers College, and Rutgers University Board of Trustees (RG 03/A0/01), Special Collections and University Archives, Rutgers University Libraries. These include minutes from the trustees for 1792 and 1812 and Romayne's original petition to Queen's president John Henry Livingston to grant medical degrees in 1811 (Box 2 Folder 11). Biographical material on Romayne and his role in early medical education is located in several journal articles compiled by Professor Cowen (Box 2 Folder 18).
The bulk of the records pertains to the College of Physicians and Surgeons and the Rutgers Medical College. The political battles over medical education in New York State are well documented by the numerous memorials, petitions, and bills authored by the County and State Medical Societies, the College of Physicians and Surgeons, the Rutgers Medical Faculty, the Regents of the State University of New York, and both Senate and Assembly of the New York State Legislature and comprise Series I. These include the controversy over chartering Romayne's Medical Institution of the State of New York, 1815-1816 (Box 1 Folders 1); the Regents investigation and subsequent amendments in the Assembly, 1826 (Box 1 Folders 2-3); circulars and petitions of the Rutgers Medical Faculty on behalf of medical education in New York, 1826-1827 (Box 1 Folder 3), and reaction by the faculty of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1827-1828 (Box 1 Folders 3-4). Efforts to charter the Rutgers Medical Faculty as Manhattan College is contained in Assembly and Senate bills, and the legislative act, 1828-1830 (Box 1 Folders 4-6). Of particular interest is a petition in support of David Hosack's efforts to have Union College sponsor his school, signed by such prominent citizens of New York City as James Kent, Cadwallader Colden. John Pintard, Philip Hone, and Richard Varick (Box 1 Folder 9). Reaction to the State Medical Society's opposition to the Rutgers Medical College is contained in a resolution adopted by Rutgers Medical College students, 1826 (Box 1 Folder 10).
The original manuscript letters and documents in Series II consists primarily of correspondence addressed to John W. Francis, a physician appointed to the faculty of the College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1816. Francis, who also served the college as registrar, resigned with Hosack, Valentine Mott, William Macneven, and Samuel L. Mitchell in 1826 to form the Rutgers Medical Faculty. His correspondence documents the successes and failures of both schools. Included among the correspondents are Samuel Bard, president of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, William J. Macneven, John D. Jacques and Gideon Hawley of the Regents of the University of the State of New York. An interesting letter from Dr. William Moore to Francis, June 26, 1821, in response to a request from Francis, provides a statistical listing of nearly 3,000 midwifery cases he has attended, and gives the outcome of the births: numbers of boys and girls born: numbers of mothers and children who lived and died in childbirth: twins born: complications: and unusual situations (birth of a hermaphrodite, and two births of masses of hydatides [sic].
The Manuscript Letters and Documents series also includes correspondence of David Hosack (Box 1 Folder 15), including his appeal for support among the students of the Rutgers Medical College, December 17, 1827. Additional items include a poem by the students lampooning the faculty and correspondence concerning terms of employment for Dr. George Bushe (Box 1 Folder 15).
The specifics of instructions and regulations governing faculty and students are outlined in the various circulars, catalogues, and newspaper clippings that comprise Series III. Circulars for the College of Physicians and Surgeons are available for 1811-1814, 1817-1819, 1822-1823, 1825, 1829, and 1845 (Box 1 Folder 18). Catalogues for the Rutgers Medical College and the Rutgers Medical Faculty at Geneva College cover sessions for 1826-27 through 1829-30 (Box 1 Folder 20). Also included are newspaper clippings announcing the opening of the college on 1826 (Box 1 Folder 19), and various printed circulars on the course of lectures for Rutgers Medical College and the Rutgers Medical Faculty at Geneva College, 1826-1830 (Box 1 Folders 21-22).
Series IV contains published dissertations, lectures, addresses, and eulogies pertaining to the faculty associated with Queen's College, the College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Rutgers Medical College. Henry Van Solingen's dissertation on worms of the human intestines, published in 1792 from Romayne's first association with Queen's, is perhaps one of the earliest published American college dissertation extant (Box 1 Folder 23). Also included are two additional published dissertations for 1793 and 1811 (Box 1 Folders 24 and 26); medical pamphlets authored by David Hosack, 1795-1826 (Box 1 Folder 27), and published lectures by John D. Goodman, 1826 and 1827, Edward Cutbush, 1835, and Valentine Mott, 1850. The most significant item in this series is Hosack's Inaugural Discourse Delivered at the Opening of Rutgers Medical College (1826), which in addition to his address includes copies of documents relating to Columbia's Medical faculty in the eighteenth century, including biographical sketches; various memorials and extracts of minutes regarding the Regents of the State University of New York; extracts of remarks made by other members of the Rutgers Medical faculty; and other records pertaining to the opening of the college (Box 2 Folder 4).
Ephemeral and pictorial materials are located in Series V. Among these items are a photograph of A. B. Durand's engraving of Thomas Sully's portrait of David Hosack, and typescripts of contemporary descriptions of his estate at Hyde Park, N.Y. (Box 2 Folder 8); the title page to Hosack's Discourse and the frontispiece depicting an engraving of the Rutgers Medical College building on 68 Duane Street in New York City; and photographic and photostatic copies of selected documents included in David Cowen's Medical Education: The Queen's-Rutgers Experience, 1792-1830. Also included are lecture and matriculation tickets for the College of Physicians and Surgeons, the Rutgers Medical College, the Geneva College Medical Faculty, and the Rutgers Medical Faculty, Geneva College, ca. 1820-1829 (Box 2 Folders 8-10).
Series VI consists of research material compiled by David Cowen from various repositories and sources to supplement the original records of the Rutgers Medical College. These include additional manuscript letters primarily from the John W. Francis papers at the New York Public Library, 1813, 1815, 1825-1830 (Box 2 Folder 12); extracts of minutes of the Regents regarding the faculty schism within the College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1825-1826 (Box 2 Folder 13); and the two court cases decided against the Rutgers Medical faculty, 1830 (Box 2 Folders 14-15). In addition, a copy of David Demarest's early history of Queen's and Rutgers College awarding medical degrees, published by the New Brunswick Historical Club in 1894 (Box 2 Folder 17), and several journal articles published in the 1960s and early 1970s on Nicholas Romayne, David Hosack, George Bushe. and the history of medical education in New York City complete this series (Box 2 Folder 18).
The records of the Rutgers Medical College are arranged in the following six series:
The records of the Rutgers Medical College document the efforts of two prominent New York City physicians in their attempts to secure an academic sponsorship of medical education during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. On three different occasions Queen's College and Rutgers College were solicited to grant degrees to students studying medicine at institutions geographically located in New York City. Concerns of competition with existing medical schools, ability to license physicians to practice medicine in one jurisdiction while receiving credentials from another, and the role of medical education in these early years are addressed in this collection.
The documents, publications, and printed items contained in this collection were acquired from a number of sources and at different periods of time. The majority of manuscript letters and printed memorials, resolutions, petitions, and circulars were purchased by the Rutgers University Libraries in an auction sponsored by Scott & D'Shaughnessy, Inc. on November 21, 1917. Published catalogs of the Rutgers Medical College were donated by W. H.. Richardson in July 1925. The provenance of other material in the collection is unknown. Professor David Cowen donated his research material for the collection upon completion of his book, Medical Education: The Queen's -Rutgers Experience, 1792-1830 in 1966.
Professor Cowen originally sorted the material and provided a numbering classification system to the documents that is reflected in the reference notes in his book. In 1991, Nancy S. Powell, a graduate student in the School of Communications, Information, and Library Studies, processed the records further and prepared a preliminary inventory as one of her project requirements in her course on Manuscripts and Archives. Thomas J. Frusciano, University Archivist and instructor of the course, completed the final arrangement of the records and prepared this detailed descriptive inventory during July, 1998.
| I. Memorials, Reports, Documents, and Petitions, 1814-1836 1814-1836 (12 folders) | |||||||||||
| Arrangement: chronological | |||||||||||
| Summary: Printed and published memorials, legislative bills, reports, petitions, resolutions, and printed circulars concerning medical education in New York City, with particular references to the instruction and governance of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, the proposed chartering of the Rutgers Medical College, the legislative battle over licensing medical practice, and attempts to find a New York sponsor for the Rutgers Medical College. This series also includes extracts from reports of the Regents of the State University of New York, and administrative documentation concerning the operations of both College of Physicians and Surgeons and the Rutgers Medical College. | |||||||||||
| Box | Folder | ||||||||||
| 1 | 1 | Memorial of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the University of New York to the Hon. The Legislature of the State of New-York, February 16, 1814. New York: Printed by C. S. Van Winkle, 1814. | |||||||||
| In Senate, Mr. Cochran, from the committee to whom was referred the bill, entitled "an act to incorporate the trustees of the Medical Institution of the state of New-York, reported.... April 10, 1815. | |||||||||||
| Memorial, &c. To the Honorable the Legislature of the State of New-York..., The Memorial of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, in the City of New-York-, March 25, 1816. | |||||||||||
| In Senate, To the Honourable the Legislature of the State of New-York, The Regents of the University respectfully Report,.... April 2, 1816. | |||||||||||
| 2 | Report of a Committee of the Regents of the University, Appointed to Visit the College of Physicians and Surgeons in the City of New-York, Made to the Regents, January 12, 1826. Albany: Printed by Croswell, Barnum & Van Benthuysen, 1826. | ||||||||||
| 3 | In Assembly, Amendments proposed by the committee on medical subjects, on the bill, entitled "an act relative to the college of physicians and surgeons in the city of New-York, and for the establishment of a medical institution in said city." March 27, 1826. | ||||||||||
| To the Citizens of New-York. [circular printed on behalf of the Faculty of the Rutgers Medical College, ]. 1826 | |||||||||||
| Rutgers' Medical College [Circular]. January 13, 1827. | |||||||||||
| To the Honourable the Legislature of the State of New-York in Senate & Assembly Convened; the Petition of David Hosack, William James Macneven, Valentine Mott, John W. Francis, John D. Godman, and John Griscom,.... December 31, 1827. | |||||||||||
| To His Excellency the Governor, the Honourable the Senate, and the House of Representatives of the State of New-York. n.d. [ca. 1827]. | |||||||||||
| 4 | To the Honourable the Legislature of the State of New-York, in Senate and Assembly Convened; the Petition of Felix Pascalis, M.D., of Samuel L. Mitchell, M.D., of Walter W. Buchanan. M.D., of David M. Reese, M.D., and John Neilson, Sen., M.D. all Physicians and a Committee appointed and directed, to draw up a Memorial, in support of the Three Resolutions, here annexed,... on the subject of the Late Law Passed by the Legislature, entitled General Regulations concerning the Practice of Physic and Surgery, Chap. XIV. Sec. VII, January 31, 1828. | ||||||||||
| In Assembly, March 28, 1828. Memorial of upwards of one hundred physicians and surgeons of the city of New-York, praying for the incorporation of the Manhattan College,.... February 2, 1828. | |||||||||||
| Copy of a Memorial from the Trustees of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the City of New-York, to the Regents of the University. February, 1828. | |||||||||||
| 5 | Documents in the Matter of an Application to the Honourable the Legislature of the State of New-York, For a Charter for Manhattan College, January, 1829. New York: Printed by J. Seymour, 1829. | ||||||||||
| 6 | In Senate, An Act to incorporate Manhattan College. March 25, 1829. | ||||||||||
| In Senate, April 4, 1829. Remonstrance of the Rutgers Medical Faculty against the communication of the Regents inclosing the annual report of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New-York...., March 31, 1829. | |||||||||||
| An Act to incorporate Manhattan College [mss.].... April 22, 1829. | |||||||||||
| Proceedings of a Meeting of Physicians and Surgeons, Held at the Shakspeare Hotel, New-York, February 13, 1830. | |||||||||||
| In Senate, March 19, 1830. Memorial of the Professors of Rutgers Medical Faculty (Manhattan College) in the city of New-York, in refutation of an attack upon them by the College of Physicians and Surgeons in the city of New-York...., March 16, 1830. | |||||||||||
| Memorial of the Trustees of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the City of New-York, In Reply to the "Memorial of the Professors of Rutgers' Medical Faculty," April 12, 1830. New York: Printed by J. J. Harper, 1830. | |||||||||||
| Board of Alderman, The Committee on Finance, to whom was referred the communication from the Board of Health, relative to the purchase of Rutger's Medical College, presented the following Report in favor, which was read, laid on the table, and directed to be printed for the use of the Members. September 30, 1833. | |||||||||||
| 7 | College of Physicians and Surgeons: Resolutions, ordinances, extracts from Regents' reports, 1819-1825 | ||||||||||
| 8 | Petition to the President and Trustees of Rutgers College, [Sept. 12, 1826] | ||||||||||
| 9 | Petition from former faculty of the College of Physicians and Surgeons to Union College/Petition in support by prominent citizens of New York City, 1826 | ||||||||||
| 10 | Resolution adopted by students of the Rutgers Medical College in opposition to State Medical Society petition to State Legislature opposing Rutgers Medical College, ca. 1826 | ||||||||||
| 11 | Rutgers Medical College: Bills, resolutions, correspondence, 1827-1831. | ||||||||||
| 12 | Resolution of the Trustees of Rutgers College in regard to the Degree of M.D., July 20, 1836 | ||||||||||
| II. Manuscript Letters and Documents, 1800-1860 (6 folders) | |||||||||||
| Arrangement: chronological | |||||||||||
| Summary: Manuscript letters, primarily received by John W. Francis, concerning medical instruction in New York City. Correspondents include Samuel Bard, Samuel L. Mitchill, James Tillary, Henry Waddell, David Hosack, Archibald McIntyre,, William J. Macneven, John D. Jacques, Gideon Hawley, William Moore, Joseph Blount, George Bushe, Alexander F. Vasche, and James Thatcher. This series also includes miscellaneous manuscript documents of David Hosack, 1800, 1804, 1817, and of John W. Francis, 1822-1860. | |||||||||||
| Box | Folder | ||||||||||
| 1 | 13 | Bard, Samuel to John W. Francis, July 4, 1811 | |||||||||
| Mitchill, Samuel L. to John W. Francis, May 24, 1812. | |||||||||||
| Appointment of John W. Francis as Professor of the Institutes of Medicine in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, March 23, 1816. | |||||||||||
| Tillary, James to/from Henry Waddell: account and receipt in verse, April 16, 1816 April 18, 1816 | |||||||||||
| Hosack, David to Archibald McIntyre (State Comptroller), November 6, 1816 | |||||||||||
| Macneven, William J. to John W. Francis, March 11, 1818 | |||||||||||
| Bard, Samuel to the Professors of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, April 27, 1819 | |||||||||||
| Bard, Samuel to John W. Francis, July 17, 1819 | |||||||||||
| Bard, Samuel to John W. Francis, July 25, 1819 | |||||||||||
| Macneven, William J. To John D. Jacques, Albany re charges against College of Physicians and Surgeons, February 21, 1820 | |||||||||||
| Macneven, William J. Letter regarding Dr. Hosack and student examinations, March 15, [1820] | |||||||||||
| Macneven, William J.: Appointment as Professor of Chemistry in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, March 22, 1820 | |||||||||||
| Hawley, Gideon (Regents of the State of New York) to John W. Francis, , March 20 April 19, 1821 | |||||||||||
| Moore, William to John W. Francis regarding statistical review of birthing cases and midwifery, June 26, 1821 | |||||||||||
| 14 | Francis, John W.: Correspondence re: Medical instruction at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1810-1825 | ||||||||||
| 15 | Jacques, John D. to John W. Francis, February 28, 1826 | ||||||||||
| Mitchill, Samuel L. to John W. Francis, March 10, 1826 | |||||||||||
| Hosack, David to Joseph Blount, , February 19, 1827 February 25, 1827 | |||||||||||
| Hosack, David to Committee of Students of the Rutgers Medical College, Dec. 17, 1827 | |||||||||||
| Rutgers Medical College Students: Poem lampooning the faculty, ca. 1827 | |||||||||||
| Busche, George and Alexander F. Vasche correspondence regarding terms of employment and dissection in Valentine Mott's laboratory, 1828-1829 | |||||||||||
| Hosack, David to James Thatcher, January 1, 1829 | |||||||||||
| Macneven, William J. to John W. Francis, August 4, 1833 | |||||||||||
| Macneven, William J. to John W. Francis, n.d. | |||||||||||
| Aesealapian Society invitation and acknowledgment to John W. Francis for address delivered before the Society, 1846-1847. | |||||||||||
| 16 | Hosack, David: Miscellaneous papers, , 1800, 1804, 1817 | ||||||||||
| 17 | Francis, John W.: Miscellaneous papers (non-medical), 1822-1860, n.d. | ||||||||||
| III. Printed Circulars, Catalogues, and Newspaper clippings, 1811-1830 (5 folders) | |||||||||||
| Arrangement: chronologically and by school | |||||||||||
| Summary: Catalogues, pamphlets, circulars, and broadsides outlining the course of lectures, faculty, and operational details of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1811-1845; the Rutgers Medical College, 1826-1827; and the Rutgers Medical Faculty at Geneva College, 1827-1830. | |||||||||||
| Box | Folder | ||||||||||
| 1 | 18 | College of Physicians and Surgeons: Circulars, , 1811-1814, 1817-1819, 1822, 1823, 1825, 1829, 1845 | |||||||||
| 19 | Newspaper clippings re: opening of the Rutgers Medical College, 1826 | ||||||||||
| 20 | Catalogue of the Faculty and Students of the Rutgers Medical College/ Officers and Students of Rutgers Medical Faculty, Geneva College, Sessions 1826-27 to 1829-1830, 1827-1830. | ||||||||||
| 21 | Rutgers Medical College: Circulars on Course of Lectures, 1826-1827 | ||||||||||
| 22 | Rutgers Medical Faculty at Geneva College: circulars on course of lectures and circular address from the faculty, 1827-1830 | ||||||||||
| IV. Published Dissertations, Lectures, Addresses, and Eulogies, 1792-1861 (12 folders) | |||||||||||
| Arrangement: chronological | |||||||||||
| Summary: Dissertations completed for the M.D. degree at Queen's College in 1792 by Henry Van Solingen and in 1793 by Abraham Cornelison; dissertation completed for degree at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1811 by Thomas Edward Steele; inaugural discourse on the opening of the Rutgers Medical College by David Hosack in 1826; published lectures on medical topics by John D. Godman, and Valentine Mott; eulogies of Samuel L. Mitchill (1831) and John W. Francis (1861); and medical pamphlets and articles authored by David Hosack, 1795-1826. | |||||||||||
| Box | Folder | ||||||||||
| 1 | 23 | Van Solingen, Henry M., An Inaugural Dissertation on Worms of the Human Intestines. Submitted to the Examination of the Rev. William Linn, D.D.P.T. President; and to the Trustees and Faculty of Queen's College, New-Jersey.... New York: Printed by T. and J. Swords, 1792. | |||||||||
| 24 | Cornelison, Abraham. "An Inaugural Dissertation on the Pertussis, or Hooping Cough." Submitted to the Rev. Peter Studdiford and the Trustees and Faculty of Queen's College, New Jersey, for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine (1793). | ||||||||||
| 25 | Mitchill, Samuel L., "A Sketch of the Mineralogical History of the State of New-York," Medical Repository, Vol. I, Nos. III-IV [1799] | ||||||||||
| 26 | Steell, Thomas Edward, An Inaugural Dissertation on the Use of the Digitalis Purpurea in the Cure of Certain Diseases. Submitted to the Public Examination of Samuel Bard, M.D., President; the Vice-President and Professors of the College of Physicians... May 14, 1811. New York: T. & J. Swords, 1811. | ||||||||||
| 27 | Hosack, David: Medical Pamphlets, 1795-1826 | ||||||||||
| Box | Folder | ||||||||||
| 2 | 1 | Hosack, David, An Inaugural Discourse Delivered at the Opening of Rutgers Medical College, in the City of New York, on Monday, the 6th of November, 1826 . New York: Printed by J. Seymour, 1826. (Two copies). | |||||||||
| 2 | Godman, John D. Introductory Lectures to the Course of Anatomy and Physiology in Rutgers Medical College, , 1826, 1827 | ||||||||||
| 3 | Thacher, James, "State of New Jersey," American Medical Biography 62-64 [typescript] re: Rutgers Medical College (Boston, 1828). | ||||||||||
| 4 | Eulogy of Samuel L. Mitchill, delivered at the request of the New-York City and County Medical Society, by Felix Pascalis, October 15, 1831. | ||||||||||
| 5 | Cutbush, Edward, A Discourse Delivered At the Opening of the Medical Institution of Geneva College, State of New York. February 10, 1835. Geneva: Printed by John Greves & Co., 1835. | ||||||||||
| 6 | Mott, Valentine, An Address Introductory to a Course of Lectures at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, Session 1850-51, November 7, 1850. New York, 1850, | ||||||||||
| 7 | Eulogy on John W. Francis, delivered before the New York Medico-Chirurgical College, by Augustus K. Gardner, March 7, 1861. | ||||||||||
| V. Photographs and Printed Items, 1820-1835 (3 folders) | |||||||||||
| Arrangement: topical | |||||||||||
| Summary:Photographic image of a portrait of David Hosack by Thomas Sully and engraved by A. B. Durand; descriptions (typescripts) of Hosack's estate in Hyde Park, N.Y., 1834 and 1835; title page and engraving of the Rutgers Medical College building on Duane Street in New York City, as they appeared in Hosack's Inaugural Discourse Delivered at the Opening of Rutgers Medical College (1826), and several lecture and matriculation tickets for the College of Physicians and Surgeons, the Rutgers Medical College, the Geneva College Medical Faculty, and the Rutgers Medical Faculty, Geneva College, ca. 1820-1828. Also included are photographs and negatives of specific documents in the records reproduced in David Cowen's history of Queen's/Rutgers College and medical education. | |||||||||||
| Box | Folder | ||||||||||
| 2 | 8 | Hosack, David: Portrait by Thomas Sully and engraved by A.B. Durand; | |||||||||
| Hosack, David: Estate in Hyde Park, N.Y., descriptions of [typescripts], 1834 and 1835. | |||||||||||
| Title page from David Hosack's An Inaugural Discourse Delivered at the Opening of Rutgers Medical College and frontispiece of Medical College building lithograph encapsulated. | |||||||||||
| 9 | Rutgers Medical College: photographs, negatives, and photostatic copies of selected documents. | ||||||||||
| 10 | Lecture and matriculation tickets: College of Physicians and Surgeons (2); Rutgers Medical College (1); Geneva College Medical Faculty (3); Rutgers Medical Faculty, Geneva College (2), ca. 1820-1828. | ||||||||||
| VI. Research Material Obtained from Other Sources, 1792-1973 (8 folders) | |||||||||||
| Arrangement: chronological | |||||||||||
| Summary: This series contains photostatic copies of documents obtained by Rutgers professor David Cowen for his research on medical education. They consist of additional manuscript letters from collections at New York Public Library, particularly the John W. Francis papers, 1813-1830; extracts of minutes of the New York State Regents, 1825-1826; minutes of the Board of Trustees of Queen's and Rutgers College, 1792, 1812, and 1826; copies of the two New York State Supreme Court decisions regarding licensing of medical practice and medical degrees, 1830. This series also includes a copy of David D. Demarest's Rutgers (Queen's) College and Medical Degrees (1894) and several journal articles (1959-1973) on Nicholas Romayne, David Hosack, George Bushe, and Asa Fitch, a student at the Rutgers Medical College who recorded his experiences in a journal. | |||||||||||
| Box | Folder | ||||||||||
| 2 | 11 | Queen's and Rutgers College Board of Trustees Minutes (photocopies), , 1792, 1812, 1826 | |||||||||
| Romayne, Nicholas: Petition to President John Henry Livingston and the Queen's College Trustees to grant a medical college and degrees, 1811 | |||||||||||
| 12 | Manuscript letters (copies) regarding the College of Physicians and Surgeons and Rutgers Medical College, primarily from the John W. Francis Papers, New York Public Library, , 1813, 1815, 1825-1830 | ||||||||||
| 13 | Extracts of Minutes of the Regents of University of the State of New-York regarding schism among the faculty of the College of Physicians and Surgeons (photocopies), March 15, 1825-July 7, 1826. | ||||||||||
| 14 | Hosack vs. The College of Physicians and Surgeons in the city of New-York. 5 Wendell (N.Y.) 449 October 1830. | ||||||||||
| 15 | The People vs. The Trustees of Geneva College [re: "Rutgers Medical Faculty"]. 5 Wendell (N.Y.) 211 October 1830. | ||||||||||
| 16 | Busche, George M., sketch of; (photocopy) 1850-1852 | ||||||||||
| 17 | Demarest, David D. Rutgers (Queen's) College and Medical Degrees. New Brunswick, N.J. Historical Club Publications 2, 1894. | ||||||||||
| 18 | Journal Articles, 1959-1973: | ||||||||||
| Harnagel, Edward E., "Doctors Afield: David Hosack and the Duel," New England Journal of Medicine Vol 261 504-505. (September 3, 1959), | |||||||||||
| Rogers, Fred B., "Nicholas Romayne, 1756-1817: Stormy Petrel of American Medical Education," Journal of Medical Education Vol 35, No. 3 258-263. (March 1960), | |||||||||||
| Robbins, Christine Chapman, "David Hosack's Herbarium and Its Linnaean Specimens," Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society Vol. 104, No. 3 293-313. (June 1960), | |||||||||||
| Weiskotten, Herman G., "Nicholas Romayne: Pioneer in Medical Education in the United States," New York State Journal of Medicine Vol. 66, No. 16 2158-2177. (August 15, 1966), | |||||||||||
| Stookey, Byron, "Nicholas Romayne: First President of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City," Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine Vol 43, No. 7 576-597. (July 1967), | |||||||||||
| Rezneck, Samuel, "A Course of Medical Education in New York City: The Journal of Asa Fitch," Bulletin of the History of Medicine, Vol. XLII, No. 6 555-565. (Nov.-Dec. 1968), | |||||||||||
| Cowen, David, "The Queen's-Rutgers Medical Faculties and the New York Hospital, 1792-1830, " New York Medicine (November 1971). | |||||||||||
| Banov, Leon, Jr., "George Bushe, Author of the First American Book on Proctology," Diseases of the Colon & Rectum Vol. 16, No. 6 553-560. (November-December, 1973), | |||||||||||